Clinical research of vacuum sealing drainage combined with artificial dermis for the treatment of ankle and foot soft tissue defects / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combined with artificial dermis for treatment of the ankle and foot soft tissue defects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 15 patients with skin and soft tissue defect of ankle and foot were treated from January 2011 to December 2013, including 10 males and 5 females, with an average age of 32.5 years old ranging from 3 to 55 years old, involving 8 cases by traffic accident, 2 cases by machine accident, 5 cases by crush injury;8 cases with soft tissue exposure, 2 cases with tendor exposure, 5 cases with bone exposure. VSD was used to cover the wounds and continuous negative pressure drainage after debridement, the wounds covered with artificial dermis after the second granulation tissue grew well, again VSD was used to cover the wounds and negative pressure suction was applied, after 7 to 14 days negative pressure closed drainage was removed, free skin graft was transplanted above the artificial dermis, sterile gauze was used to compression bandage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All cases were followed up for 3 to 14 months with an average of 6.5 months. Skin graft of 15 of patients survived after transplantation, artificial dermis graft interval was 7 to 14 days with an average of 9.5 days. There was no obvious scar hyperplasia and contracture, no obvious pigmentation, appearance and functional recovery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>After the implantation of artificial dermis and traditional skin graft method need for 2 to 3 weeks, vacuum sealing drainage technique combined with artificial dermis in treatment of soft tissue defect of foot and ankle skin has advantages of simple operation, significantly shorten the time of the second phase of the skin, without flap to repair, little injury to donor skin area, wound healing quality high, clinical effect of satisfaction.</p>

Predictive value of radiological parameter for re-displacement of conservative treatment of distal radius fracture / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the radiological parameters of the conservatively in treating distal radius fracture and investigate whether the final re-displacement can be predicted after primary reduction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2013 to June 2014,212 patients with distal radial fracture conservatively were treated in our hospital, 107 patients of them were excluded because of their incomplete radiological parameters;the remaining 105 patients were available for radiological were assessed after injury, there were 56 male patients and 49 female patients in this study, the average age of the patients was 51 years old (ranged from 22 to 80 years). According to AO classification, there were 47 cases of type A2 and C1, and 58 cases of type A3, C2, C3. All patients were treated by closed reduction and below-elbow cast immobilization for 4 to 6 weeks. All patients were followed up for 3 to 6 months (means 4.5 months) by X-ray, all fractures were healed. Standard AP and lateral radiographic examination was conducted before reduction and after reduction and bony consolidation,the dorsal angulation and the radial angle were measured at each time point. The linear regression was used for the analysis to find out whether the final re-displacement can be predicted after primary reduction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 105 patients,the significant correlations were found for the dorsal angulation between the reduction time and the end time (r = 0.82) and for the radial angulation between the reduction time and end time (r = 0.85).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The dorsal angulation and the radial angulation after complete healing can be predicted from linear the regression functions. Due to the possibility of predicting the end result, whether the fracture should receive further conservative treatment or surgical treatment can be decided immediately.</p>

Case-control study on therapeutic effects of different fixation methods for the treatment of olecranon fracture / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effects by comparing three different fixation methods: tension band, hollow lag screw and anatomical plate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2010 to January 2012, 82 patients with olecranon fractures who underwent surgical treatments were followed-up. All the patients were divided into three groups: tension band fixation group (group A), hollow lag screw fixation group (group B), anatomical plate fixation (group C). In group A, there were 35 patients, including 19 males and 16 females, ranging in age from 32 to 49 years old, with an average of (43.6 ± 8.7) years old, and the patients were treated with tension band fixation. According to Colton classification, there were 5 cases of type I, 3 cases of type II A,19 cases of type II B, and 8 cases of type II C in group A. Among 20 patients in group B, there were 13 males and 7 females, ranging in age from 27 to 50 years old, with an average of (41.5 ± 9.3) years old. The patients in group B were treated with hollow lag screw fixation. According to Colton classification, there were 4 cases of type I, 4 cases of type II A, and 12 cases of type II B in group B. In group C, there were 27 patients totally, including 15 males and 12 females, ranging in age from 30 to 55 years old, with an average of (38.2 ± 6.2) years old. The patients in group C were treated with anatomical plate fixation. According to Colton classification, there were 4 cases of type II B, 13 cases of type II C, and 10 cases of type II D in group C. The Fracture healing time, complications and functional recovery were retrospectively observed and recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 8 to 24 months, with an average of 15 months. The average healing time of patients in group C was the longest among three groups. The flexion-extension and rotation activities of elbow joint in group B and C were better than that in group C. According to Broberg & Morrey score system, the therapeutic effects of patients in group A and B were better than that of group C. In group C, 2 patients had incision infections, 6 patients complained of foreign body sensation, 1 patient got a delayed fracture healing, and 1 patient had the heterotopic ossification. There were no occurrences of incision infections in group A and B; internal fixation loosening occurred in 3 patients in group A and 2 patients in group B; delayed fracture healing occurred in 2 patients in group A and 2 patients in group B; and skin bursa formation occurred in 6 patients in group A and 1 patient in group B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the three ways are effective methods for the treatment of olecranon fractures. Fixation methods should be selected depending on the type of fracture.</p>

Characteristics and replantation of degloving injury of distal finger / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore clinical characteristics and replantation methods of degloving injury of distal finger.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2004 to 2009,18 cases of 19 distal finger degloving were admitted, and included 14 males and 4 femals with an average age of 31 years old ranging from 18 to 51 years old. The distal finger degloving injury was divided into 3 types according to the different levels of degloveing digital artery and skin involving 6 fingers of type I, 10 fingers of type II, 3 fingers of type III. Among them, 3 cases of 4 fingers were failed to be replantaed due to severed injured digital artery, and 15 cases of 15 distal finger degloving injury were replanted with microsurgical technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 15 patients (15 fingers) conpleted the reimplant operation, 13 fingers were survived, 2 fingers were necrosis after operation. Thirteen survived fingers were followed up from 6 to 24 months (averaged 14 months). The appearance of injured fingers and nails obtained satisfactory results. According to Chinese Hand Surgery Society Criteria for function assessment replantation, the results were excellent in 9 cases, good in 3 cases and poor in 1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Replantation of distal degloving injury is effective and it should strive for replantation.</p>

Effects of agonists of PPAR-gamma on angiotensin II-induced proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists on angiotensin II-induced cellular response in cultured fibroblasts derived from patients with hypertrophic scars, so as to investigate its effects on preventing the formation of hypertrophic scars.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fibroblasts were freshly isolated from hypertrophic scars and cultured with angiotensin II, rosiglitazone and GW9662 at a certain concentration. Fibroblasts proliferation were assessed via Cell Counting Kit-8; the mRNA and protein expressions of Collagen I and Fibronectin (FN) were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The absorbance of CCK-8 and relative expression of Collagen I, FN mRNA and protein were 1.082 5 +/- 0.007, 6.45 +/- 0.97, 4.92 +/- 0.86, 2.92 +/- 0.41, 2.78 +/- 1.04 in Ang II group; 0.722 4 +/- 0.012, 1.82 +/- 0.34, 1.78 +/- 0.27, 1.57 +/- 0.46, 1.68 +/- 0.39 in Ros + Ang II group; 0.554 7 +/- 0.012, 0.97 +/- 0.12, 1.07 +/- 1.08, 1.05 +/- 0.43, 1.14 +/- 0.36 in Ros group; 1.056 0 +/- 0.005, 5.83 +/- 0.24, 4.47 +/- 0.32, 2.69 +/- 0.35, 2.62 +/- 0.27 in GW9662 + ros + Ang II group. The results showed a significant difference between the Ang II group and the control group (P < 0.05). The effect of Ang II could be markedly inhibited by Ros (P < 0.05). In addition, Ros did not influence cell proliferation and production of extracellular matrix (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between the GW9662 + Ros + Ang II group and the Ros + Ang II (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PPAR-gamma agonists inhibit Ang II-induced proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis effectively in the hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Thus PPAR-gamma agonists may have potential therapeutic effect for hypertrophic scar.</p>

Effect of hirudin on random skin flap survival in rats / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Hirudin on random skin flap survival in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>24 SD rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The "McFarlane flap (3 cm x 9 cm)" rat models were established on the rat dorsum. 3 ml Hirudin (30 ATU) was injected into the flap in the experimental group, while 3 ml saline in the control group. The injection was performed for 7 days. The flap survival area in the two groups was measured. The tissue samples were taken from proximal (I), middle (II) and distal (III) portions of flaps for histologic study. The VEGF and bFGF expression was also detected with immunohistochemistry method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>7 days after operation, the flap survival rate was (69.52 +/- 3.23)% in the experimental group, while (50.36 +/- 2.37)% in control group, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0. 01). In the middle portion, tissue edema and infiltration of neutrophils in experimental group was markedly slighter than that in control group. The VEGF and bFGF expression and neovascularization was enhanced markedly in experimental group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hirudin can increase the survival of random pattern skin flaps. It may increase the VEGF, bFGF expression through a series of complex regulatory pathway. Then flap neovascularization is promoted and the flap blood supply is increased.</p>

Clinical significance of MESS scoring system in the treatment of fractures of lower limb combined with vascular injuries / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical significance of MESS scoring system in the treatment of fractures of lower limb combined with vascular injuries, and to evaluate its reliance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2006 to March 2008, 28 patients with fractures of lower limb combined with vascular injuries were graded by MESS scoring system. There were 17 patients were male and 11 patients were female, ranging in age from 23 to 53 years, averaged 38 years. Seventeen patients had fractures at the superior segment of tibia and fibia, 7 patients had fractures at the inferior segment of femur, and other 4 patients had dislocation of knee joint. Among the patients, 18 patients had MESS scores more than 7.0 point, in which 13 patients were treated with one-stage amputation, 5 patients were treated with two-stage amputation; the other 10 patients had the MESS scores less than 7.0 point, and were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, in which 8 patients were treated with transplantation of great saphenous vein to repair blood vessles, and 2 patients were treated with vascular end to end anastomosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the patients, including 18 patients whose MESS scores more than 7.0 point were treated with one-stage or two-stage amputation, and 10 patients whose MESS scores less than 7.0 point were treated with limb salvage operations, all the limbs survived. During the follow-up period (ranged from 0.5 to 1 year, the movement and sensory function of the limbs recovered well.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MESS is a simple and reliable tool to determine the proper strategy for the patients suffering from vascular injuries with fractures.</p>

Application of dorsal pentagonal flap for reconstruction of the web space in congenital syndactyly / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic effect of dorsal pentagonal flap for reconstruction of the web space in congenital syndactyly.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2007 to August 2009, 10 patients with congenital syndactyly were treated with dorsal pentagonal flap for web space reconstruction. During the follow-up period, the patients underwent finger functional assessment and web space appearance examination. The satisfactory rate of patients was also investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>10 patients with 17 reconstructed web spaces were followed up for 4-25 months (median, 15 months). Normal passive flexion and extension of fingers were achieved with good cosmetic result at web space. The abduction angle of fingers ranged from 30 degrees to 45 degrees. No web creep occurred and no secondary procedures were required. All the parents of the patients were satisfied with the results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Web space reconstruction with dorsal pentagonal flap is easily performed with reliable blood supply and low re-operated rate. The cosmetic and functional result is satisfactory.</p>

Study on the diagnostic value of imageology of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the diagnostic value of imageology of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath (GCTS) including X-ray, CT and MRI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five patients with GCTTS confirmed by operation and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. There were 16 males and 19 females. The average age was 39.4 years, ranged from 7 to 66 years. All the patients underwent X-ray examination, 8 patients underwent CT examination, and 16 patients underwent MRI examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 2 patients in knee joint, 6 patients in ankle joint, 1 patient in capitulum radius, 2 patients in wrist joint, 14 patients in hand and 10 patients in foot. Ten cases were the diffuse form, and 25 cases were the focal form. The X-ray results: the slightly high density soft tissue mass surrounding the bone were shown in 32 cases, 3 cases were normal. The bone erosion were shown in 9 cases, the obvious destruction of bone were shown in 5 cases. CT results: The soft tissue mass and the destruction of bone were shown clearly. MRI results: On T1WI, the signal intensity of GCTTS almost was similar to those of skeletal muscle in 9 cases and was slightly lower than those of skeletal muscle in 7 cases. On T2WI, the signal intensity presented mainly hypointensity with patchy isointensity or hyperintensity signal. A little of fluid was shown in 6 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>X-ray can demonstrate the lesion and erosion of bone, destruction of bone can clearly be shown on CT. The low intensity signal on MRI T1WI and T2WI is the characteristic appearance of GCTTS. And it can clearly show the lesion range and type of GCTTS.</p>

Significance of nerve growth factor low affinity receptor p75 in the formation of traumatic neuroma / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To observe the expression and distribution the low affinity receptor p75 of nerve growth factor in the traumatic neuroma and investigate its significance and relationship with the growth of peripheral nerve and the formation of the traumatic neuroma.Methods Fifty-one cases of traumatic neuro- ma were collected and were divided into four groups according to its course,i.e,groupⅠ(less than one month),groupⅡ(1～3 months),groupⅢ(3～6 months) and groupⅣ(more than six months).Fifteen cases of normal nerve samples were harvested as the control group(n=15).Immunohistochemical studies were performed to observe the expression of p75.the expression level was detected by the computer graph analysis system.Results There was no significant expression of p75 in the normal nerve while in the four studied groups,significant expression of p75 waspositively observed.The level of p75 was weak in the early time and achieved its peak in three months,but the high level state was maintained even after six months.The one-way ANOVA statistic analysis manifests that there were no significant differences of the expression of p75 among the groupⅡ,ⅢandⅣ(P＞0.05),but the differences among the groupⅠand the latter three groups were signifi- cant (P＜0.05).p75 was mainly distributed in the Schwans cell.Conclusion p75 is expressed in the traumatic neuroma and may play an important role in the modulation progress of the formation of traumatic neu- roma with an unknown mechanism.